Payunia

The Reserva Provincial La Payunia in Mendoza Province contains over 800 volcanoes — the highest density of volcanic cones on Earth — spread across a 6,500-square-kilometre lava field where the ground is black basalt and the guanaco herds are the largest in the world. The landscape from the viewing ridge above the central cone field looks constructed: uniform cones of identical geometry spaced evenly across a flat black plain, the largest rising 300 metres, the smallest barely visible. Nothing about it looks like the product of natural process.

La Payunia is a Quaternary volcanic field in southern Mendoza Province, active as recently as 200 years ago, with the world's highest density of volcanic structures — over 800 cones, craters, and shields concentrated in an area smaller than some Argentine provinces. The volcanic field is part of the back-arc volcanism associated with the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American continent, producing basaltic magmatism distinct from the andesitic stratovolcanoes of the main Andean chain. The protected reserve hosts the world's largest guanaco population — estimated at 12,000-15,000 individuals — with the animals adapted to the sparse vegetation of the volcanic substrate. The reserve is accessible only on organised tours from Malargüe (the nearest town, 200 kilometres south of Mendoza city), and the tour circuit covers a full day's driving through the lava field with stops at specific cone formations and guanaco viewpoints.